Inokucothisa indlela yokuphendula, gcina ibhalansi yekhemikhali, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lomhlaba, thintele ukukhanya, ukubola kwe-thermal Ibandakanya i-salts ezikhokelayo, ii-soaps zentsimbi, i-tin ye-organic, i-oulic antings, umhlaba onqabileyo, ococekileyo. Izilo zosizi ze-thermal zihlala zisetyenziswa ikakhulu zibandakanya iityiwa ezikhokelayo, i-soops yentsimbi, i-organic, umhlaba ococekileyo, umhlaba onqabileyo, njl.
1.1 Organotin
. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ze-organotin kwifomu ye-PVC kunokuvelisa iimveliso ze-crystalline. Ngenxa yoku, i-tin yendalo inokusetyenziswa kwiibhotile, iibhodi ezikhutshelweyo, iintlobo ngeentlobo zezikhongozeli ezingqongqo, iiprofayili, iiprofayili, iifilimu, njl.
. Ke ngoko, sisitayile esithandwayo se-PVC, kwaye ezinye iintlobo zisebenza ngcono kwiimveliso ezithambileyo. Ilungele zonke ii-PVC homoollymers, ezinjenge-emulsion, ukunqunyanyiswa kunye ne-bulk PVC, kunye ne-vinyl chlorides, i-graft polymers kunye nepolymer uprals.
(3) Imveliso ayinabungozi. Uninzi lwee-organotin izilongo azinatyhefu, kunye nokufuduka kwezinto ze-organotin kwi-rigid pvc kuncinane. Ke ngoko, i-orgaitotin izilonda zezona zizinzi zobushushu obukhethiweyo kwi-PVC yokutya.
(4) Ukuhambelana okuhle. I-Organotin Stabizizes zinokuphumelela kwi-PVC, ngoko ngokubanzi akukho ntshukumo kumphezulu wensimbi, njengokukhokelela kwizinto ezikhoyo zetyuwa kunye neenkqubo zentsimbi zentsimbi.
. Ke ngoko, uninzi olufumanekayo kwezorhwebo oluqukethe i-organotins ixhotywe nge-lebrictors ukuthintela ukunyibilika ishushu ukuba inamathele kwizixhobo ngexesha lokuqhutywa.
. Nangona kunjalo, zonke izilonda ze-organotin, ngaphandle kwesakhiwo sazo, sinengxaki enkulu yokuba iindleko zabo zokuvelisa ziphezulu kakhulu kunezo zithintelo zesepha okanye zentsimbi zentsimbi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokuthatha itekhnoloji entsha yezahlulo, okanye ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwifomula, indleko yayo incitshisiwe. Ngeminyaka yee-1970, amazwe asemzini ephuhlise iimveliso ze-tin ezinamaxabiso aphantsi, ezinciphisa umxholo we-tin, okwanciphise ixabiso ukuya kwinqanaba elithile.
1.2 Khokela ityiwa
. I-CVITICICMICTIC ECWANGCISO LESIQINISEKISO, Esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiShishini le-PVC, inomxholo okhokelo ophezulu ophumelelayo kwaye ibonisa uzinzo lwe-thermal olungcono kunezinye iimveliso.
(2) I-insulturess efanelekileyo. Ngenxa yokuba khokelela ityiwa engeyiyo i-ionic kwaye engasebenzi, yi-Intert, eyenza ukuba i-Stabilibers ikhokelela kwi-wire kunye nemizi mveliso yekhebhu.
(3) Ukumelana nemozulu efanelekileyo. Uninzi lweetyuwa zetyuwa zinokusebenza njengemigangatho emhlophe kwaye zinokubonisa amandla amakhulu okugubungela, ukuze baxhathise imozulu eyomeleleyo.
. Xa isetyenziswa kwiingcingo, iintambo kunye nezinto ezirekhodiweyo, akukho sidingo sokukhathalela ukungafihli, kuba uninzi lwezi mveliso zimhlophe okanye zimnyama kakhulu.
. Ke ngoko, ngaphandle kokwaziswa ngokuqhubekayo kwezinto ezintsha zokuzinza, khokelela kuzo izizwe zetyuwa zisalawula imakethi ye-Stabizer emva kwentsimbi yenkulungwane. Ityuwa ekhokelela ityuwa eyaziwe ukusombulula uthuli kunye nengxaki yokusasazeka inyuke ngexabiso, kodwa isaqhubeka nokuba nenzuzo yokhuphiswano kwezinye iintlobo zezilo.
. Umzekelo, amazwe amaninzi ahlaziye imigangatho yenkqubo ekhokelayo kumanzi okusela, kwaye ayinakukwazi ukusebenzisa ityiwa kwi-PVC yamanzi.
. Ngenxa yezi mpawu zingasentla zokukhokelela kuzo izizwe zetyuwa, zilungele ukusetyenziswa kobushushu obukhulu. Zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo ze-opaque ezinzima kunye nezixhobo ezithambileyo kunye neentambo, ezinje ngemibhobho eyahlukeneyo, iipleyiti, iiplanga zangaphakathi nangaphandle, kunye nolusu. Iintambo, iirekhodi, ii-rods ze-wells, njl njl. Eyona nto iphambili yokuzibamba i-sulfate ekhokelayo, i-dibasic ikhokelele i-phosfite, kunye ne-phecasic stearate.
1.3 I-Antigony ye-organy
(1) Uzinzo olungcono. I-organiso ye-organisory stabilizer isebenza ngokusisiseko kuzinzo olufanayo kunye nokunyibilika ezantsi njenge-organotin kwiqondo lobushushu efanayo. Kwinkqubo yesikrini samawele, isiphumo sempembelelo ikakhulu xa isetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo ne-calcium stearate. .
. Ukongeza, isixa se-antic olwenzelwe i-organy esisetyenzisiweyo sisezantsi, ke ukusetyenziswa kwe-anticuby ye-organy kunokufezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle / amaxabiso.
(3) Imveliso ayinabungozi. E-United States, xa i-screw-screw extwer isetyenziselwa ukwenza imibhobho ye-PVC, umbhobho wokubonelela wamanzi we-PVC owenziwe ngefomula equkethwe zizinzi ze-antimony (i-calcium steation kunye nezinye izinto ze-USNATION)) ummiselo.
(4) Ukungafihli okungekho mthethweni kunye nokuzinza okukhanyayo. Ukucaca kweempawu ze-anticys allgany azilunganga njengezilotha ze-organotin, kwaye kukwasezantsi kune-barium / fu kunye ne-calcium / i-selc seap yesepha. Kukufutshane nokukhokela iityiwa kwaye kunosizi olungelulo uzinzo, ukuze i-antimony iyazinza. Iarhente isetyenziselwa uninzi lweemveliso zangaphakathi ngaphandle kweemfuno zemibala. Ukuzinzisa i-antomnyon ukuzinikela ngokwayo kuyadingeka ukuba igcinwe kwisitya se-opaque.
(5) I-bubbrity engalunganga. Izizwe ze-antimony zinokungasebenzi kakuhle. Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kufuneka kudityaniswe nenani elikhulu le-qubliricant ngaphandle kokukhetha.
1.4 Isepha yensimbi
. Izibonelelo zayo zikwabonakaliswa kukungabikho kombala wokuqala, kwaye zinokuvelisa iimveliso ezingenamibala kunye nokubonakalayo; Uzinzo oluhle kakhulu; Inefuthe lokuthintela ukuphintela kunye nokunamathela. . Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba ityiwa ye-tin inetyhefu, kukho imiGaqo engqongqo ekusetyenzisweni nasekusetyenzisweni komthetho wokhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nezempilo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukusetyenziswa kwe-fungisao kubonakalise imeko esezantsi.
. Isampulu enesepha ngequbuliso ngequbuliso ijika imnyama xa ishushu, oko kukuthi, "ukutshiswa kukaZine", kodwa kunemibala yokuqala: Iziphumo zokuthintela zilungile; inokuphucula ukumelana kwemozulu; Uninzi lweSoaps ziqwalaselwa njengezona zingezizo zetyhefu, ukuze zisetyenziswe kwifomu engabhayisi enetyhefu nge-calcium soaps.
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. I-Aluminium Stearate ifana ne-zinc steating, kwaye ivunywa yi-US FDA kunye ne-vinyl ye-vinyl ye-vinyl ye-vinyl ye-vinyl ecocekileyo yokutya ukuze ifake indawo yokutya; Iifayile ze-Acid ze-Acid kunye ne-potassium Steatium zikwanazo iimveliso eziyityhefu kwaye zezazi ze-salts, i-tin ye-Tin kunye ne-Barium ye-Barium Spoitute.
. Inxalenye yentsimbi enye yentsimbi ayifane isetyenziswe kumzi-mveliso we-PVC, kwaye ihlala iyindawo ye-soaps yentsimbi yentsimbi. Le complate ayisiyondawo ilula yepropathi, kodwa ithatha ithuba lokusebenzisana phakathi kwamacandelo. Isinyithi esiyintloko sentsimbi yesinyithi ibandakanya umzimba ophambili we-stabilizer (okt isepha), isongezo esisebenzayo, i-orcheric, i-oricilizer, i-staxilizer, i-stabilimize, iZinyithisi, njl. ). Ngokwefom, yahlulahlulwe yaba yinto eqingqiweyo kunye nolwelo. Ngokweyona nto iphambili, inokwahlulwa kwi-calcium / i-winc stabizer, i-barium / i-fuium / i-fuium / i-binc ye-binc ye-biblite inendima ebaluleke kakhulu ekutshintsheni izinyithi eziyityhefu kuba ayinatyhefu.
1.5 I-Stabilibezi
. Kwezinye izicelo, iindawo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zinokuziqhelanisa okanye zithathe indawo ye-organotin.
(2) Ukungafihli nto. Isalathiso sokuqaqamba komhlaba onqabileyo sisondele kakhulu kwe-PVC Retin, enokutshintsha i-organotin yesiqhelo kwaye isetyenziswe kwicandelo leeMveliso eziPhezulu.
(3) Ukumelana nemozulu efanelekileyo. Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zinokufumana ukukhanya kwe-230-30nm ultraviolet. Ke ngoko, imihlaba enqabileyo yomhlaba ineziphumo ezichasene ne-anting kwaye ilungele iimveliso zangaphandle ezinjengeeBhodi eziThengisiweyo zePVC kunye nezinto zefestile.
(4) Iipropathi ezomeleleyo zombane. Abanye abantu abanqabileyo basemhlabeni banokusetyenziselwa ukuphinda baphinde bathathe indawo yokuzibandakanya kwetyuwa kwifomu ye-cable, kwaye iipropathi zabo zombane zithelekiswa nokukhokelela iityuwa.
(5) enganetyhefu, ikhuselekile kwaye icocekile. Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zizinto ezinetyhefu zinetyhefu kwaye azinangozi zinobungozi emzimbeni womntu kwimveliso yazo, ukulungisa, ukuthutha kunye nokugcina. Ukuzinza komhlaba onqabileyo azizizo iimveliso zetyhefu kwaye zinokusetyenziswa ekupakishweni kokutya kunye neemveliso zokupakisha zonyango.
(6) Ukusebenza kwesenzo kubi kakhulu. Kwimeko yesixa esikhulu somhlaba onqabileyo, ukukhululwa komxholo akulunganga, kwaye kukho utyekelo lokukhangela. Ngokubanzi, iziphumo ezingcono zinokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa i-steric acid okanye i-calcium stearate kwindibaniselwano.
Ngesishwankathelo, imihlaba enqabileyo yomhlaba inokusetyenziselwa imibhobho yamanzi, inaliti ye-pire pied, iiphaneli zesandla, iimveliso ze-wire, izixhobo zentambo, izixhobo zokutya, izixhobo zokutya, njl njl.
1.6 I-Staxilies Erimblies Auxilizers Auxilizers Ibandakanya i-phosfili, ioyile yesoybe ye-epoxbe, ithintele i-phenols, njl njl. Ukongeza kwimigaqo efana neMesiminocrotonic Acid Ecid, i-2-pheny saccharin, i-vein dein, kunye nediketone inokusetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo kunye nokuzinza kwentsimbi ukuphucula iziphumo zensimbi, nazo zinefuthe elithile lokuzinzisa. I-compons ezinjalo zihlala zibizwa ngokuba zizinzile ezisulungekileyo. Ngokuphuhliswa kweendawo ze-PVC namhlanje, inkqubela phambili yokuzinza kwentsimbi icotha, kwaye uphando kunye nophuhliso lweendawo ezincedisayo azisebenzi kakuhle, eziye zenza umkhwa omkhulu kwicandelo le-PVC Stabilizers. Izilo ezincedisayo ezincedisayo azifane zisetyenziswe zodwa, kwaye zihlala zisetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo nezizwe eziphambili zokuphucula imibala yokuqala okanye ukuphucula uzinzo lwexesha elide.
